Facts about Calendar & Use of Calendars 

               Calendar Subdivision :-

In a solar calendar a year approximates Earth's tropical year (that's, the time it takes to get an entire cycle of seasons), traditionally used to facilitate the preparation of agricultural 

activities. In a lunar calendar, the month approximates the cycle of the moon phase. Consecutive days 

may be grouped into other periods such as the week.

A solar calendar has to have another amount of days in different years because the amount of days in 

the tropical year is not a whole number. This could be handled, for example, by adding more day in leap years. The same is true to months in a lunar calendar and also the amount of months in annually in a lunisolar calendar. This is generally known as intercalation.

Cultures may define other units including the week, for the purpose of scheduling regular activities 

which do not easily coincide with months or years, of time. Many cultures use different baselines for 

their calendars' beginning years. As an example, the year in Japan is founded on the reign of the 

emperor that was present: 2006 was Year 18 of the Emperor Akihito.

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                                                      History : Types of Calendars

Middle Ages

   The page for May in the Bedford Psalter and Hours ms. (British Library Add MS 42131, fol. 3r, early 15th century)

Christian Europ For the first six centuries because the arrival of Jesus Christ, European nations used various local   systems 

to count years, most normally regnal years, modeled about the Old Testament. In some cases, 

Creation dating was likewise used. In the 6th century, the Christian monk Dionysius Exiguus formulated 

 the Anno Domini system, dating in the Incarnation of Jesus. In the 8th century, the Anglo-Saxon 

 historian Bede the Venerable used another Latin term, "ante uero incarnationis dominicae tempus" 

  ("the time before the Lord's true incarnation", equivalent to the English "before Christ"), to identify 

 years before the first year of this era.

 According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, even Popes continued to date documents according to  regnal 

 years, and usage of ADVERTISING just gradually became common in Europe from the 11th to the  14th 

 centuries.[citation needed] In 1422, Portugal became the last Western European country to adopt the 

 Anno Domini system.

Competing calendar eras to Anno Domini remained in use in Christian Europe. In Spain, the "Era of 

the Caesars" was dated from Octavian's conquest of Iberia in 39 BC. It was adopted by the Visigoths 

and remained in use in Catalonia until 1180, Castille until 1382 and Portugal until 1415.

For functions that are chronological, the flaw of the Anno Domini system was that dates have to be 

reckoned back or forwards allowing as they're BC or AD. In accordance with the Catholic Encyclopedia, 

"in an ideally perfect system all events will be reckoned in one sequence. Afterwards, the Church of 

England, under Archbishop Ussher in 1650, would decide 4004 BC. Jewish scholars favorite 3761 BC 

as the exact date of creation,[citation needed] which forms the basis of the modern Jewish calendar.

However, "any effort so to determine the age of the world has been long since left."[citation needed]

       Islamic calendar

The Islamic calendar is founded on the prohibition of intercalation (nasi') by Muhammad, in Islamic 

tradition dated into a sermon held on 9 Dhu al-Hijjah AH 10 (Julian date: 6 March 632). This resulted in 

an observationally established lunar calendar changing to the seasons of the solar year.

      Icelandic calendar

In medieval Iceland, a calendar was introduced in the 10th century. While the early Germanic calendars 

were based on lunar months, the brand new Icelandic calendar introduced a purely solar reckoning, with 

a year having a fixed number of weeks (52 weeks or 364 days). This necessitated the introduction of 

"leap weeks" instead of the Julian leap days.

     Hindu calendars

 Various Hindu calendars grown as their common basis, with Gupta era astronomy in the medieval 

 period. Some of the more notable regional Hindu calendars include the Nepali calendar, Assamese 

 calendar, Bengali calendar, Malayalam calendar, Tamil calendar, Vikrama Samvat used in Northern  India, 

and Shalivahana calendar in the Deccan States of Karnataka, Telangana, Maharashtra and Andhra 

Pradesh. The common characteristic of regional Hindu calendars is that the names of the twelve 

months would be the same (because the names are based in Sanskrit) though the spelling and 

pronunciation have come to change marginally from region to region over thousands of years. The 

month which begins the year varies from region to region. The traditional lunisolar calendars of 

Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand and the Buddhist calendar are also centered on an 

older version of the Hindu calendar.

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